Marquette University Law School: Latest MU Law Poll shows sharp decline in approval of U.S. Supreme Court.
Slate: This Supreme Court's "originalism" conflicts with the country's founders' views. Last month, the Supreme Court relied on its view of the Constitution’s original meaning in its landmark decisions involving abortion rights, gun rights, and religious freedom. None of these decisions, however, was actually consistent with originalism. They each failed to recognize a critical element of how the founders understood the Constitution: the founders believed courts should defer to precedent. FiveThirtyEight: Past dissents from Justices Alito and Thomas may show where the court is headed next. These findings underscore just how far-reaching the conservative bloc’s priorities might be. Both justices, for example, seem eager to cut back significantly on criminal defendants’ rights established by earlier precedents. But that’s not all. Legal experts told us that if Alito and Thomas are helping to set the agenda, an even wider range of rights and precedents could be threatened — including on issues like civil rights, due process and privacy. CBS: Secret Service may have deleted texts from Jan. 5 and 6, 2021. Staff for the House panel said they only received one text resulting from a July 15 subpoena to the agency requesting Secret Service text messages from Jan. 5 and Jan. 6, 2021. The Secret Service said the messages were erased due to an agency-wide migration, despite preservation requests from investigators and Congress. Axios: Bipartisan group of senators introduces electoral count reform. Reuters: Expansion of states allowing nonlawyers to provide legal help. Oregon is the latest state to embrace regulatory changes allowing so-called legal paraprofessionals — non-lawyers who are specially trained to provide legal services in limited areas of the law. The Oregon Supreme Court on Wednesday gave final approval to a licensed paralegal program that the Oregon State Bar has been developing since 2017. Oregon joins Washington, Utah, Arizona and Minnesota in allowing non-lawyers to provide some legal services, though Washington’s high court decided last year to stop offering new paraprofessional licenses.
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Reuters: Sen. Ron Johnson won't support presidential nominee for Western District U.S. Attorney position.
Johnson cited now-deleted "partisan" tweets by Sopen Shah about Republicans and the Jan. 6, 2021, attack on the U.S. Capitol in declaring he would not return a so-called "blue slip" supporting her nomination to become the second woman to serve as the U.S. attorney for the Western District of Wisconsin. Madison.com: Judge rejects Michael Gableman's request for recusal in open-records case. Milwaukee Journal Sentinel: Abortion law and practice in 1800s Wisconsin. Star Tribune: U.S. Supreme Court being asked to review Minnesota case granting qualified immunity to highway engineer who detained trucks. "The Supreme Court has always been clear: qualified immunity is intended to provide breathing room so officials can comfortably do their jobs," said Anya Bidwell, an attorney representing Central Specialties. "If they don't do their jobs but simply hide behind their government employment, like engineer Large did here, qualified immunity doesn't apply." Some civil-liberties and police-reform advocates worry the case opens the door for all types of government employees to act as police, with citizens having little course for redress. Reuters: Senate confirms Judge Michelle Childs for D.C. Circuit. Among the Republicans backing her were South Carolina's two senators including Senator Lindsey Graham, who has said he would have supported Biden picking her to succeed liberal Supreme Court Justice Stephen Breyer upon his retirement. Reuters: Indiana doctor who performed abortion for 10-year-old rape victim files administrative defamation claim against state attorney general. NBC: House passes bill to protect same-sex marriage. Above the Law: Lawyer's attempt at inside joke with sexist remark in court leads to referral for discipline. Milwaukee Journal Sentinel: Jury awards plaintiff $386,000 for civil rights violations by Milwaukee police officers.
A February memo from the city's Legislative Reference Bureau indicated that in all, the settlements and other costs in cases against the former officer (Michael Vagnini) have cost the city more than $6.3 million. Eight previous settlements have ranged from $35,000 to $5 million, according to the memo. Milwaukee Journal Sentinel: Chantia Lewis pleads guilty to two felonies and is removed from aldermanic office. Thomson Reuters Foundation: Abortion may become unavailable to women under house arrest. That means crossing state borders could be the only option for some abortion-seekers - something often impossible for the growing number of women wearing tracking tags while under house arrest, awaiting trial, or ahead of immigration proceedings. "Wearing an electronic monitor, sometimes you can't even go outside the house, let alone to another state to seek medical care," said Susan Burton, the founder of A New Way of Life, a Los Angeles-based re-entry program for formerly incarcerated women. Brookings: Concerns mount regarding privacy rights amid widespread data collection. Under modern-day surveillance capitalism, interested parties can collect and monetize online data at an unprecedented scale with little scrutiny or limitation. That is why the recent overturning of Roe v. Wade highlights the urgent and pressing need for comprehensive federal privacy legislation, particularly to reduce the potential for further exploitation and manipulation of individuals who seek fair reproductive rights. Further, Congress needs to find consensus around federal privacy legislation to address other surveillance and data collection concerns, in particular commercial surveillance practices that enable discriminatory advertising, racially biased policing, and the outing or surveillance of historically marginalized groups. Above the Law: Lunch menu for those taking the New York bar exam offers sandwiches for minimum of $33 — and up to $53 for kosher options. Kenosha News: Kenosha County approves repeal of weapons ban.
Guns and electronic control devices will be allowed in most Kenosha County buildings after the 14-7 vote. The board also voted 15-6 to declare the county a sanctuary for Second Amendment rights, opposing any state or federal legislation enacted that would infringe residents’ right to bear arms. Milwaukee Journal Sentinel: Grafton dentist gets 4-1/2 years in federal prison for fraud scheme involving breaking patients' teeth to recover insurance money for crowns. Madison.com: Assembly Speaker Robin Vos ordered to produce more records and pay attorney's fees of American Oversight. APG Wisconsin: Wisconsin Court of Appeals says lawsuit claiming sexual assault of child by coach is timely. In May 2021, Circuit Judge Rhonda Lanford dismissed that last claim, finding that state law required it to be filed within three years, though she noted that as a minor at the time of the incidents, the woman had until she was 20. At the time the woman first filed her lawsuit she was 34. But a three-judge panel of the state appeals court, led by Judge JoAnne Kloppenburg, disagreed, finding that under state law, in actions related to violations of state laws involving child sexual assault, the woman had until she was 35 to file her lawsuit. Associated Press: Investigative report on Uvalde school shooting notes multiple errors. Nearly 400 law enforcement officials rushed to a mass shooting at a Uvalde elementary school, but “egregiously poor decision-making” resulted in more than an hour of chaos before the gunman who took 21 lives was finally confronted and killed, according to a damning investigative report released Sunday. The nearly 80-page report was the first to criticize both state and federal law enforcement, and not just local authorities in the South Texas town for the bewildering inaction by heavily armed officers as a gunman fired inside two fourth-grade classrooms at Robb Elementary School, killing 19 students and two teachers. West Virginia Record: Attorney says West Virginia judge wore gun in holster during trial then pulled it out and pointed it at attorneys during a hearing. “As Judge (David) Hummel reached for his firearm, he said, ‘Aren’t me and my guns and security enough?’ (Attorney Lauren) Varnado’s affidavit states. “’My guns are bigger than your security’s guns!’ He pointed the barrel of the gun – first, at the table where defendants’ counsel, David Dehoney and Jennifer Hicks, were seated, and then, at the podium where I was standing. “Judge Hummel then set his gun down on the judicial bench and deliberately rotated the firearm (as it laid on the bench) until the barrel of the gun was pointing directly at me.” Reuters: Report shows how money making perpetuates mass incarceration. An obscure web of bureaucracy incentivizes local officials around the U.S. to jail more people in order to generate revenue, rather than advance public safety, according to a new report from the Brennan Center for Justice. Those perverse incentives have created what researchers referred to as a “market in incarcerated people,” an industrial complex that transforms humans into objects of trade and advances mass incarceration. Vera Institute of Justice: Not enough people were released from custody during the pandemic. Vera research has shown that jail and prison populations decreased by 14 percent nationwide at the beginning of the pandemic. But releases actually decreased over time afterward. Parole boards granted fewer releases and, alarmingly, fewer people were released from prisons overall in 2020 than in 2019. The way releases were carried out also showed disparities. Women experienced significantly larger drops in incarceration rates than men, and eligibility criteria in certain places—like Arkansas—deepened racial inequity, with white people benefiting disproportionately from early release. By the winter of 2021 and into 2022, most release efforts had reversed or stalled, with jail and prison populations rebounding toward or surpassing pre-pandemic levels. This is the chilling yet unsurprising state of things, given that jails and prisons are at odds with public health. Wisconsin Examiner: Public health officials welcome approval of authority in recent Wisconsin Supreme Court decision.
In a 4-3 ruling that was published Friday, July 8, a majority of justices concluded that state law gives local health officers the power to issue public health orders. The ruling also upheld a Dane County ordinance imposing penalties for disobeying the health director’s orders, and it found that neither the state law nor the ordinance violated the Wisconsin Constitution. “Preserving the authority of local public health officials to be able to control communicable disease is a top priority for Wisconsin public health professionals,” says Dr. Geof Swain, president of the Wisconsin Public Health Association. “We were very pleased that authority was preserved in this ruling.” At the same time, a forceful dissent by three of the court’s four conservative justices suggests the likelihood of future legal wrangling. Reuters: President Biden picks up pace on judicial nominees. NBC: Texas sues Biden administration over federal abortion rules. Texas Attorney General Ken Paxton, in a lawsuit filed in the U.S. District Court for the Northern District of Texas, argued that federal law does not confer a right to an abortion. The lawsuit comes three days after Health and Human Services Secretary Xavier Becerra warned hospitals and physicians that they are required to provide abortions in medical emergencies where it is necessary treatment to protect the life of a pregnant woman. Becerra said hospitals and physicians who refuse to comply could have their Medicare provider agreements terminated and face financial penalties. Cato Institute: Did Trump lie about reason for Muslim ban? In a 5–4 decision, the Court’s majority found that the ban was based not on Trump’s open animus against Muslims, but instead on a Department of Homeland Security (DHS) report that supposedly detailed national security concerns. But the majority simply accepted this report as legitimate without ever seeing it. Indeed, DHS has allowed no one outside the Executive branch to see it. After President Biden rescinded the ban—which he called “discriminatory”--(David J. Bier) filed a Freedom of Information Act (FOIA) request on behalf of the Cato Institute for the DHS report. DHS ignored it, so now Cato is suing. It will be the first time Biden’s DHS will have to either justify keeping the report a secret from the public or else release it. Even if DHS refuses to release the report, the court can order it to do so. Rolling Stone: Indiana's Republican attorney general now investigating doctor who provided abortion for 10-year-old rape victim. SCOWstats: Initial impressions from the Wisconsin Supreme Court's 2021-2022 term statistics.
CNN: Montgomery County, Maryland, police to start enforcing disturbing-the-peace laws against protestors outside justices' homes. Slate: Justice Amy Coney Barrett's actions show she's in over her head. This tactical retreat from the public eye hints at the headwinds that Barrett faced in her second year on the court. The justice was ill-prepared for many aspects of her job, and after a series of unforced errors, she has faded into the background whenever possible. As a result, the woman who entrenched the Republican Party’s control over the federal judiciary comes across more as a loyal backbencher than an independent thinker. Reuters: Indiana's Republican senators approve Seventh Circuit nominee. Republican Senators Todd Young and Mike Braun of Indiana on Wednesday both returned "blue slips" indicating their support for U.S. Magistrate Judge Doris Pryor, nominated to become the first Black person from their state to serve on the 7th U.S. Circuit Court of Appeals. E&E News: The impact of legal uncertainty for the Environmental Protection Agency and the environment. “I’m not sure that the court’s intent was to create uncertainty, but I also don’t get the sense that the conservative justices will mind if the uncertainty that this decision foments causes agencies like EPA to disfavor creative solutions to new problems,” said Lisa Heinzerling in an interview. She wrote the winning briefs in a 2007 Supreme Court case that established EPA’s authority to regulate greenhouse gases. . . . But additional cases take additional time. And EPA doesn’t have years to lose. The Guardian: Are prison jobs modern-day slavery? Among the more than 1.2 million Americans imprisoned in federal and state prisons, two out of three are forced to work while imprisoned. The 13th amendment of the US constitution abolished slavery or involuntary servitude, but included an exception for prisoners; critics have called prison work modern-day slavery. . . . According to a June 2022 report published by the American Civil Liberties Union, prison labor generates more than $11bn annually, with more than $2bn generated from the production of goods, and more than $9bn generated through prison maintenance services. Wages range on average from 13 cents to 52 cents per hour, but many prisoners are paid nothing at all, and their low wages are subject to various deductions. Yahoo! Finance (Evening Standard): Video doorbells and mass surveillance. After a series of controversies over Ring cameras, including reports of staff listening in to customers’ video feeds and concern over the gadget’s ties with law enforcement in the US and the UK, Amazon has tightened the rules. But does this go far enough? U.S. News & World Report: Wisconsin Elections Commission deadlocks on guidance for clerks regarding absentee ballots.
Star Tribune: Walgreen's backs Wisconsin employee who refused to ring up condoms. But last month, as Supreme Court Justice Clarence Thomas joined the majority in erasing abortion rights for half the country, he revisited his shopping list of other "demonstrably erroneous" precedents the court could tackle next. Including the 1965 Griswold v. Connecticut ruling that guaranteed married couples a right to privacy in their bedrooms — including the right to buy and use contraceptives. Generations after Griswold, (Jessica) Pentz stared in shock at a middle-age stranger who was telling her his personal opinions trumped her constitutional rights. Channel 3000: Wisconsin Attorney General Josh Kaul calls for regulations on ghost guns. Kaul joins the Attorneys General of California, Colorado, Connecticut, Delaware, District of Columbia, Hawaii, Illinois, Maine, Maryland, Massachusetts, Michigan, Minnesota, New Jersey, New York, North Carolina, Oregon, Pennsylvania, Rhode Island, and Washington. Vox: U.S. Supreme Court to consider who is in charge of Immigration and Customs Enforcement priorities. Still, the stakes in the Texas case are high. ICE employs nearly 8,000 individuals in enforcement and removal operations, many of whom are sworn law enforcement officers who carry a badge and a gun. Either these individuals are under the command and control of political officials — as federal law says that they are — or they are free to set their own priorities without oversight from anyone responsible to the American people. AZ Mirror: Federal judge blocks Arizona's abortion prohibition. U.S. District Court Judge Douglas L. Rayes said Arizona’s legal definition of a person conflicts with what a fetus is in every legal sense. NBC: Judge orders U.S. Sen. Lindsey Graham to testify before Georgia grand jury investigating possible election interference by Donald Trump. Milwaukee Journal Sentinel: Court approves UWM demolition of Columbia Hospital.
State Bar of Wisconsin: Kelli Thompson on current issues at the State Public Defender's Office. Reuters: Call for federal judicial code of conduct to bar retirement contingent on particular successor. The U.S. Judicial Conference's Codes of Conduct Committee should step in to address a pattern of "unseemly behavior" by judges trying to dictate White House nominations, Gabe Roth, Fix the Court's executive director, said in an email last week that he released on Monday. . . . Roth cited U.S. Circuit Judge Michael Kanne's 2018 decision to take senior status contingent on an ex-clerk, Indiana Solicitor General Tom Fisher, being nominated to take his place on the Chicago-based 7th U.S. Circuit Court of Appeals. Kanne reversed course after learning then-Republican President Donald Trump would not nominate Fisher after then-Vice President Mike Pence, the former governor of Indiana, opposed the pick. Kanne died in June still an active 7th Circuit judge. Slate: Federal judge rules that poor mental health care in Arizona's prisons constitutes cruel and unusual punishment. In 2015, the parties reached a settlement, which required the state prison system to comply with a lengthy list of performance measures—but there is little evidence anything has improved. Between 2016 and 2021, the state prison system was held twice in contempt of court and fined, literally, millions of dollars. Finally, in July 2021, federal judge Roslyn Silver vacated the settlement. In November of that year, she held a three-week trial, which led her to conclude “the conditions are now the same, or worse, than the conditions present at the outset of this litigation.” In a searing 200-page ruling published June 30, Silver wrote that the case boiled down to two questions: “Are Defendants violating the constitutional rights of Arizona’s prisoners through the existing medical and mental health care system? And are Defendants violating the constitutional rights of a subset of Arizona’s prisoners by almost round-the-clock confinement in their cells?” The answer to both questions, she wrote, is yes. CNN: Federal judge denies Steve Bannon's request to postpone next week's trial on contempt charges and limits evidence regarding executive privilege. Women's Health: The struggle for women to access mental health care in prison. Women represent less than 10 percent of the country’s incarcerated population, but they’re more likely than men to suffer from co-occurring substance use and mental health disorders, according to Holly Ventura Miller, PhD, a professor and graduate program director at the University of North Florida’s Criminology and Criminal Justice Department. These compounding factors put women at the highest risk for relapse and recidivism (returning to prison); it also, however, makes them ideal candidates for receiving in-prison mental health care and social support. CNBC: Justice Department investigating PGA Tour for anti-competitive actions. The investigation, first reported by The Wall Street Journal, comes after the tour last month indefinitely suspended 17 players, including major championship winners Phil Mickelson and Dustin Johnson, after they chose to compete in the Saudi-backed LIV Golf tournament. Herald & Review: Federal appeals court upholds right to record video of police. The 10th Circuit Court of Appeals in Denver ruling came in the case of a YouTube journalist and blogger who claimed that a suburban Denver officer blocked him from recording a 2019 traffic stop. Citing decisions from the other courts over about two decades as well as First Amendment principles, the 10th Circuit said the right to record police was clearly established at the time and reinstated the lawsuit of the blogger, Abade Irizarry. A three-judge panel from the court said that “Mr. Irizarry’s right to film the police falls squarely within the First Amendment’s core purposes to protect free and robust discussion of public affairs, hold government officials accountable, and check abuse of power.” Milwaukee Journal Sentinel: Wisconsin Supreme Court upholds Dane County's COVID-19 health restrictions.
In a 4-3 ruling released Friday, the majority found that state law grants local health officers the power to issue public health orders without first getting permission from elected city and county officials. Justices Jill Karofsky, Ann Walsh Bradley and Rebecca Dallet, all of whom won their seats with backing from Democrats, formed the majority. The dissenters — Justices Rebecca Bradley, Annette Ziegler and Patience Roggensack — were elected with the help of Republicans. Justice Brian Hagedorn, who was also backed by Republicans but has often been a swing vote on the court, sided with the majority this time but wrote a separate, concurring opinion. GM Today: Wisconsin Supreme Court says parents suing school must disclose their names. The Wisconsin Institute for Law & Liberty, a conservative law firm, is representing the parents. The firm's attorneys asked Dane County Circuit Judge Frank Remington to allow them to proceed without revealing the parents' names out of fear they would be subject to retaliation and harassment. Remington ordered the firm to give the names to him and school district attorneys under seal. The firm refused, arguing that the district's attorneys could leak the names and that their identities aren't relevant. The firm has insisted that the parents are indeed Madison school district residents and, as such, have standing to sue. The Supreme Court upheld Remington's order and remanded the case back to him to continue deliberations on the merits. Slate: Mark Joseph Stern on the Wisconsin Supreme Court's ballot-box decision. In truth, though, we all suffer from this decision. It is a blow to the democratic project that undermines free and fair elections while purporting to protect them. (Justice Rebecca) Grassl Bradley proclaimed that making voting harder somehow increases the legitimacy of the results, a baseless yet fundamental tenet of the modern Republican Party. Worse, she has signed her court onto Republicans’ lie that the results of Wisconsin’s 2020 election were “illegitimate” because they included ballots cast “unlawfully.” Her decision is a love letter to the Big Lie. APG: Wisconsin state senator threatens to sue Secretary of State for not mailing joint resolution calling for federal constitutional convention. The resolution holds that the secretary of state must send an application to Congress and other state legislatures for a convention of states. But (Secretary of State Doug) La Follette and his office not only haven’t sent those documents but are rarely returning messages or emails asking whether they’ve done so, according to state Sen. Kathleen Bernier, R-Chippewa Falls, the Senate majority caucus vice chair and chair of the Senate Elections Committee. . . . In response, La Follette said in an interview that he didn’t send the documents by mail because his office didn’t have enough money. He added that his office has now ordered the envelopes and hopes to send out the documents by Aug. 1, after which time Bernier said she would take legal action. “Here’s the point of these Republicans,” La Follette said. “They have stripped the office to nothing. They have cut the budget to nothing. They have eliminated the staff to nothing. And then they complain that we don’t do things. I mean, I’m fed up with them to be honest.” Bankrate: Study puts Wisconsin fifth in number of cases of road rage involving a firearm, behind only Texas, Florida, California, and Tennessee. The Guardian: Justice Clarence Thomas played the long game. “By virtue of the fact that Clarence Thomas has been on the supreme court as long as he has, he has slowly gained much more influence and has now become the dominant ideological leader of the conservatives,” said Edward Fallone, an associate professor at Marquette University Law School in Milwaukee, Wisconsin. “He is certainly more confident and more muscular now that he has allies on his side but he has been strikingly consistent over the decades. He simply waited for the rest of the conservative world to catch up to him.” Politico: The religious right's methods to influence Supreme Court justices. Rob Schenck, an evangelical minister who headed the Faith and Action group headquartered near the Supreme Court from 1995 to 2018, said he arranged over the years for about 20 couples to fly to Washington to visit with and entertain Supreme Court Justices Clarence Thomas, Samuel Alito and the late Antonin Scalia. Schenck, who was once an anti-abortion activist but broke with the religious right in the last decade over its aggressive tactics and support for gun rights, said the couples were instructed before the dinners to use certain phrases to influence the justices while steering clear of the specifics of cases pending before the court — for example, to “talk about the importance of a child having a father and a mother,” rather than engage in the particulars of a gay-rights case. Above the Law: Morton's Steakhouse says one's right to protest must bow to Justice Kavanaugh's right to eat dinner. Interestingly, the “right to congregate and eat dinner” is nowhere to be found in the text of the Constitution and a quick Google search of major periodicals of the 18th century found no mention of this specific scenario. Looks like we’ve got another activist steakhouse on our hands! This is why you have to get out and vote so Ruth’s Chris can make these decisions. Virginia Mercury: Virginia governor signs law curtailing good-time credits just two weeks before many incarcerated persons expected release. Yahoo News (People): Pregnant woman in Texas cites overturning of Roe v. Wade when pulled over for driving in carpool lane, gets ticket anyway. (Brandy) Battone said the cop told her the HOV lane requires two passengers, meaning "two people outside of the body." According to the Texas penal code, the term "'Individual' means a human being who is alive, including an unborn child at every stage of gestation from fertilization until birth." . . . "One officer kind of brushed me off when I mentioned this is a living child, according to everything that's going on with the overturning of Roe v. Wade," she continued. "'So I don't know why you're not seeing that,' I said. Milwaukee Journal Sentinel: Wisconsin Supreme Court rules that drop boxes are out, though help in mailing an absentee ballot remains available for now.
Writing for the majority, Justice Rebecca Bradley said state law does not permit drop boxes anywhere other than election clerk offices and only state lawmakers may make new policy stating otherwise — not the Wisconsin Elections Commission, which issued guidance to clerks allowing them. . . . The decision ensures, for now, that Wisconsin voters with significant physical disabilities may have a friend or family member drop their absentee ballot in a mailbox for them, but such voters may no longer be able to have others return their absentee ballots to a local clerk's office in person. Channel 3000: Anti-violence groups applaud Wisconsin Supreme Court ruling that sex trafficking victim accused of killing abuser can argue self-defense. The New York Times: California governor pardons woman who killed the man who trafficked her. The case had reignited criticism of the way that courts treat survivors of abuse, especially those who are adolescents. Criminal justice reform advocates have said the judge in her case did not treat her with enough compassion; Ms. Kruzan, though 16 at the time of the crime, was tried as an adult, and the judge did not permit evidence about the abuse to be presented during her trial, The Los Angeles Times has reported. The Atlantic: Eliminate presidential immunity. Since 1973, the Department of Justice’s Office of Legal Counsel (OLC) has taken the position, which it affirmed in 2000, that a sitting president may be investigated, but not prosecuted, for crimes. This is now executive-branch law. To defend himself from potential federal and state prosecutions by seeking the office that would immunize him, Trump would be exploiting the constitutional system at one of its most dangerously vulnerable points. . . . Written at the end of the Clinton presidency, following years of independent-counsel inquiries that took a clear toll on the administration, the 2000 opinion’s attempt to establish a constitutionally grounded distinction between investigation and prosecution seemed remarkably blind to reality. Even on their own terms, neither this opinion nor its predecessor holds water. And they clash with core intuitions about the rule of law in a democracy: for example, that it could not be true, as one Trump lawyer asserted in a federal court proceeding, that a president could shoot someone in the middle of Fifth Avenue and be immune from prosecution. Grist: Lawsuits about the psychological harm of climate inaction. The Hill: How to measure whether incarceration is successful. The New York Times: Derek Chauvin sentenced to 21 years for violating George Floyd's civil rights. |
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